There are a number of predictors for transformation that have been identified, which include mutations of genes in growth signaling pathways (NRAS, KRAS, PTPN11, FLT3-ITD), mutations in genes more commonly observed in AML (NPM1, WT1, IDH2), and certain cytogenetic abnormalities (monosomy 7, complex karyotype, loss of 17p). Here, NPM1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.