ADK and breast carcinoma: To compare the expression profile of ADK isoforms in different patients, we normalized the expression level of ADK-S or ADK-L isoforms in cancer tissue from each patient to the corresponding paired NAT in the same patient; our Western blot data showed that expression of ADK-L significantly increased in breast cancer versus NAT controls (paired t-test, t=4.153, df=43, p=0.0002) (Figure 1A, 1B).