Increased susceptibility to this infection correlated with delayed neutrophil recruitment which correlated with lower levels of the chemokines CXCL1/KC/IL-8, CXCL2/MIP-2 and depressed levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17/IL23 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (61, 85). Here, TNF is linked to infection.