Since NSCLC cells downregulate the production of IL-12 and IL-23 in CD1c+ DCs (Figures 6C,D), tolerogenic CD1c+ DCs may block T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity via suppressing the production of IL-12 and IL-23 by CD1c+ DCs, which are necessary for T cell activation in vivo. Here, CD1C is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.