TGFB1 and pituitary tumor: For example, TGFβ1 is used as a novel therapeutic target to treat resistant prolactinomas (66); the microRNA-145 inhibits the activation of the mTOR signaling by targeting AKT3 to suppress the proliferation and invasion of invasive pituitary adenoma cells (67); lncRNA H19 inhibits mTORC1 by disrupting 4E-BP1/Raptor interaction in pituitary tumors (68); and MAPK Pathways act as therapeutic targets in pituitary tumors (69).