IL1B and Parkinson disease: The combination of the first and the second signals results in cleavage of pro-IL-1β to its active form IL-1β (and other cytokines like IL-18) (213) which has a wide range of biological consequences including creation of sustained pro-inflammatory/oxidative stress in the brain that would lead to more α-Syn aggregation, more neuro-inflammation enough to cause DA loss and neurodegeneration and symptoms of PD (77).