NFKB1 and atherosclerosis: miR-155 has most recently been ascribed pro-inflammatory effects: elevating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, activating NF-κB, promoting atherosclerosis and foam cell formation (Ma et al., 2011; Bala et al., 2011; Nazari-Jahantigh et al., 2012; Tian et al., 2014).