Up today, three phase III clinical trials are in progress on a total of 840 infants to assess the safety and efficacy of high doses of EPO (1,000 U/kg) in combination with hypothermia (Erythropoietin in Management of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy, NCT03163589; High-dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy, NCT02811263; Erythropoietin for Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy in Newborns, NCT03079167). This evidence concerns the gene EPO and Encephalopathy.