Although we did not rule out the possibility that it might be the direct protective effect of hUCMSC-EVs on liver cells or the indirect effects target on the other cells, e.g., macrophages or T cells, our data suggested that hUCMSC-EV-meditated suppression of TGF-β1-induced HSC activation may be involved in the amelioration of liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.