However, a study from 2015 showed higher salivary levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐1β, transforming growth factor‐1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 in patients with psoriasis as compared to orally healthy controls (Ganzetti et al., 2015). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is psoriasis.