CXCL8 and ulcer disease: In the second clinical study on diabetic patients with chronic ulcers, topical application of L. plantarum ATCC 1024, besides achieving a statistically significant decrease of pathogen load after 10 compared to day 1 with topical probiotic treatment, also improved healing; higher production of IL-8 and a reduction in the number of infected ulcers was furthermore achieved [86].