Positive staining was observed and showed higher expression levels of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in the glomerulus and tubulointerstitium of chronic renal failure rats, including glomerular epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, renal tubular epithelial cells, and renal interstitial fibroblasts. Here, TGFB1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.