Western blotting of PBMC lysates showed increased NLRP3 (p = 0.0024), active caspase-1 (p = 0.0046), and mature IL-1β (p = 0.0385) protein expression relative to GAPDH in PBMCs from PD patients compared with controls suggesting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in periphery (Fig. 2a–d). The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is Parkinson disease.