Upon cIAP1 and cIAP2 degradation by the Smac mimetic and in the presence of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL, the accumulation of TNF-α production may serve as a pro-death signal to trigger the induction of necroptosis in CCA cells when caspases are also inhibited. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cholangiocarcinoma.