CCL5 and infection: Overall, prevalent CVIs (denoted by blue symbols in Fig 1 and red symbols in Fig 2) could also be distinguished by the host response to infection, several of them contributing to patterns previously identified as prodromal to HIV infection in this population of women [15] e.g. higher RANTES (TV, top quartile OR 7.14, 1.31–39.03), and HSV-2 (bottom quartile OR 0.56, 034–0.92), higher BD-2 (TV, top quartile OR 7.89, 1.01–61.64, and candida, top quartile OR 4.14, 2.03–8.46) and lower SLPI (intermediate Nugent score, top quartile 0.55, 0.3–1), and NG, (bottom quartile OR 3.81, 1.02–14.29).