DPP4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Support for this conclusion was provided by our prospective finding that DMAb-treated participants had a significant reduction in circulating DPP4 levels and increase in GLP-1 levels as compared to the placebo-treated group, as well as a complementary analysis of type 2 diabetes patients, who were treated with DMAb vs. bisphosphonates or calcium plus vitamin D, in which DMAb-treated patients showed a significant improvement in HbA1c of a magnitude (relative to placebo or no treatment) comparable to commonly used anti-diabetic medications26.