Persons with lower FPG-CV were found to be associated with higher proportion of male and obesity, lower mean diabetes duration and HbA1c, and lower prevalence of smoking, 3 or more oral hypoglycemic drug use, insulin injections, insulin injections plus oral hypoglycemic drug use, stroke, cancer, hypertension, COPD, and hypoglycemia, as well as higher prevalence of 1 oral hypoglycemic drug use, 2 oral hypoglycemic drug use, and hyperlipidemia. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.