TNF and tuberculosis: IFNγ has been shown to improve gene expression of MHC-II genes in infected THP-1 cells.17 TNFα is important in the control of TB through diverse mechanisms including macrophage activation and granuloma formation.19 We tested the effect of IFNγ, TNFα and anti-IL10 antibodies, alone or in combination to enhance MHC-II presentation in macrophages infected with BCG, and we were able to improve MHC-II but not MHC-I presentation (Supplementary Fig. 2b, c).