ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: One of the earliest examples of a CID trial was the international PROFILE 1001 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) study designed to investigate crizotinib, a targeted inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase cMET.14 As data emerged that rearrangements of the Anaplastic Lymphoma Receptor Tyrosine kinase (ALK) gene were present in a small subset of NSCLC patients, new molecularly defined study cohorts were added to capture this population.