We then established a signature for glioma patients based on the gene expression levels as follows: signature risk score = (− 0.143 × ATL1 expression) + (− 0.094 × GRIA3 expression) + (0.171 × HPX expression) + (− 0.305 × IL17D expression) + (− 0.132 × KLHDC1 expression) + (− 0.096 × NCAM2 expression) + (− 0.124 × TRIM67 expression). Here, HPX is linked to central nervous system cancer.