Levels of mRNA expression relating to LC3A, LC3B, and p62 from the medial and lateral portions of the substantia nigra revealed significantly lower autophagic activity among the 24 patients with sporadic PD (LC3A↓, LC3B↓, and p62↑) as compared to that in 15 healthy controls (Figure 1; p < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene MAP1LC3B and Parkinson disease.