Moreover, analysis of BS-90 plasma reveals the presence of several proteolytically generated BgGRN fragments during initial infection with S. mansoni. Whereas M-line plasma features some intermediate forms at ~20 kda, the ~10 kda forms, which likely correspond to single granulin subunits, are only observed in BS-90 plasma following S. mansoni challenge [12]. This evidence concerns the gene GRN and infection.