TNF and endometriosis: Moreover, the administration of either drug (d15‐d30 after graft) reduced the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, COX‐2 and invasion pathway proteins MMP2 and MMP9 as shown in Figure 5F, confirming our hypothesis that CXCR4‐CXCR7 may treat endometriosis and endometriosis‐associated inflammation.