MTOR and neoplasm: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays an essential part in inducing the Warburg effect in tumor cells [17] by up-regulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and then increasing lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) expression, thus shifting metabolism to aerobic glycolysis [18].