IGF1 and urinary bladder cancer: Silencing IGFBP-2 in RT4 cells also exerted promoting effects on both cell growth and invasion, and also stimulated the same percentage increase in the presence or absence of NBI-31772, with the percentage change being additive to the effects of NBI-31772 lone, which suggested that IGFBP-2 has the ability to act in both an IGF-dependent and -independent manner in epithelial-like bladder cancers.