IGF1 and cancer: In the presence of IGFs, IGFBP-2 reduces the effects of IGFs by sequestering free bioactive IGFs into inactive IGF:IGFBP-2 complexes [6], and the intrinsic IGF-independent effects, that have been demonstrated in many cancers occurs by binding, via their RGD sequence, to integrin receptors, similar to that reported in prostate [7].