To assess the intracellular cholesterol distribution within hippocampal astrocytes (i.e. GFAP+), cryopreserved hippocampal samples of patients with AD and DS were analysed for the colocalization between GST-PFO probe, which detects cholesterol in membranes, with Lamp1 or Tom20 immunoreactivity to stain lysosome or mitochondria, respectively (Figure 5; and Supplementary Table 2). Here, GFAP is linked to Alzheimer disease.