They are capable of reducing IL-1β and bone loss in animal models of experimental periodontitis.152 The anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin are similar to those of chlorhexidine-metronidazole.153 Curcumin attenuates the production of IL-1β and TNF-α stimulated by LPS in rat gingival fibroblasts in vitro.154 Piperine isolated from black and long peppers exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is periodontitis.