TYK2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Finally, these cells represent a valuable tool for the screening for new drugs (as demonstrated for ruxolitinib in the present study) that may protect beta cells against cytokine-induced cell death in early T1D, based for instance on the use of iPSC-derived beta cells obtained from patients with particular polymorphisms that modify cytokine signaling such as TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2) [29] or PTPN2 (tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2) [30].