The diagnostic efficiency of HSP90α and AFP showed a better performance in the HCC cohort (AUC 0.836, sensitivity 67.07%, specificity 90.43%; AUC 0.922, sensitivity 81.18%, specificity 93.91%; respectively, Fig. 3a, Table 2) than in the SHC cohort (AUC 0.735, sensitivity 56.14%, specificity 86.96%; AUC 0.597, sensitivity 56.14%, specificity 62.61%, respectively; Fig. 3b, Table 2) when compared to healthy donors. The gene discussed is HSP90AA1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.