CSF2 and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: In 1994, Dranoff et al [7] have found an association between pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and GM-CSF; pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was found in mice with GM-CSF-encoding gene deletion, while the expression of GM-CSF in lung tissue by transgenic technology could make protein-like substances of alveolar deposition in gene knockout mice disappear.