It is well known that tumor cells usually overexpress specific receptors on their membranes, which are potential targets for select ligands, such as antibodies (Dumont et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2019), transferrin (Ke and Xiang 2018; Venkatesan et al., 2019), hyaluronic acid (Jeong et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019), etc. By coupling these ligands onto the surface of nancarriers, their affinity toward tumor cells can be dramatically improved, thereby increasing the intratumor accumulation of chemotherapeutics via receptor-mediated internalization. The gene discussed is TF; the disease is neoplasm.