Polymorphisms in the NLRP1 gene are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (Pontillo et al., 2012) and multiple sclerosis (Maver et al., 2017), the latter resulting in an increase of IL-1β expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients carrying these polymorphisms. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP1 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.