Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) that accumulates in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease (Farooqui et al., 2006) was shown to activate both the NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes and to result in the increased IL-1β secretion seen in these patients (Freeman et al., 2017). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is multiple sclerosis.