To further characterize the transcriptional profiles of these cell populations, we isolated naïve, TEM, CD103+CD39+, CD103+CD39−, and CD103−CD39− T cell subtypes from eight CRC patients for gene expression profiling using adapted Smart-seq II (Fig. 1a–c; Additional file 1: Figure S1A, B; the “Methods” section). Here, ENTPD1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.