ABCA4 and age-related macular degeneration: In addition, several other genes and signalling pathways were found to have an altered splicing in the RPE of mutant mice, including those associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, retinol metabolism and cellular apoptosis Most of these pathways are commonly affected in RPE degenerative diseases such as AMD and mutations of some genes including in this pathways such as ABCA4 cause macular degeneration (Lenis et al., 2018; Makarev et al., 2014).