Currently, nivolumab is under evaluation in advanced HCC in combination with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) inhibitors (NCT02423343), indoleamine dioxygenase inhibitors (NCT03695250), intra-arterial therapies (chemoembolization, NCT03572582, and radioembolization, NCT03033446), as well as in the peri-operative setting (NCT03630640, NCT03383458). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.