The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that faster gains in fat mass, fat-free mass, and % body fat after 29 weeks postmenstrual age and higher serum IGF-1, IGFBP3, and adiponectin levels at 7 days of life and 35 weeks postmenstrual age would decrease odds of ≥stage 2 retinopathy of prematurity among very low birth weight preterm infants. Here, ADIPOQ is linked to retinopathy of prematurity.