TLR9 and lupus nephritis: On the other hand, although we have herein reported an increase in macrophage infiltration and NF-κB activation in the kidneys of ApoE−/− mice treated with siSC or siCD40 versus mice treated with vehicle, in a previous work using the same siCD40 in the NZB/NZW F1 mice model of lupus nephritis we did not notice any evidence of activation of TLR3, TLR4 or TLR9 [16].