GAL and neoplasm: Two main routes have been adopted to achieve this: the first involves the in situ labelling of tumor tissue with natural α-Gal glycolipids by intratumoral injection, which aims to create immunity to each patient’s unique TSAs [15, 16]; the second involves the subcutaneous administration of allogenic whole cells that have been modified to express α-Gal, which aims to create immunity to generic TSAs [14, 24–26].