We also determined if any of the tumor suppressor genes found to be down-regulated in the mammary glands of F1 and F3 generation offspring of HF fed dams in our previous study14 – Igfbp6, Oas3a, p21, Slfn1 or Zbp1 – were affected by VPA/hydralazine treatment in mammary tumors: they were not (Supplementary Fig. 3). This evidence concerns the gene ZBP1 and breast cancer.