As with HIF1α, PERK, and NFκB, treatment with VPA/hydralazine increased p62 protein levels in the control group (p < 0.001) (Fig. 7d, Supplementary Fig. 8), and the elevated levels of p62 in the HF offspring were not further altered by VPA/hydralazine. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and hydrops fetalis.