Specifically, our study shows that intratumoral seasonal influenza vaccination 1) can reduce tumors on its own, 2) improves outcomes in the context of tumors that respond to PD-L1 therapy, 3) can reduce tumors even when they are resistant to PD-L1 blockade, and 4) in combination with PD-L1 blockade results in drastic reductions in tumor growth. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.