ASPH was upregulated at early stage preinvasive pancreatic neoplasm including pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), and mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) (Fig. 5b), whereas it was markedly expressed in mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCAC) (Fig. 5c), invasively advanced/spontaneously metastatic pancreatic cancer (Fig. 5d), and extremely aggressive undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (UC-OGC) (Fig. 5e), compared to adjacent non-malignant pancreas (Fig. 5f). Here, ASPH is linked to mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.