In accordance with results in encephalic schistosomiasis japonicum patients, granulomas appeared to be mostly composed of microglia/macrophages surrounding the eggs as confirmed by immunohistochemistry for IBA1 on day 3 and day 7 (Fig. 6bc), while control exhibited neither granuloma formation nor microglia/macrophages aggregation (Fig. 6a). Here, AIF1 is linked to Granuloma.