AKT1 and neuroblastoma: Further study disclosed that AF enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K (phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase), Akt (protein kinase B) and ERK1/2 (extracellular regulated protein kinases) down-regulated by MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells [16].