The examples of biomarkers identified from EVs in the serum or CSF include higher levels of specific miRNAs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [9] and traumatic brain injury [10], altered lysosomal and synaptic proteins and tau in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [11,12,13,14], increased concentration of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease [15], and HMGB1 and complement-related proteins in an animal model of Gulf War Illness [16]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and Alzheimer disease.