The AUROC curves of overall osteoporosis for traditional covariates, traditional covariates plus TNF-α rs1800629 and VDR rs3782905, and traditional covariates plus TNF-α rs1800629 and VDR rs3782905 and their interaction term were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.84), 0.79 (0.72, 0.86), and 0.81 (0.75, 0.88), respectively (Fig 2). Here, TNF is linked to osteoporosis.