GM-CSF is another cytokine that can be regulated by IL-23 [16,17], as it has also been shown to be the case during systemic candidiasis [10] However, when analyzing Csf2-/- mice, we could not gain evidence for the requirement of GM-CSF in promoting myeloid cell survival in the kidney of C. albicans-infected (S8C Fig). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and candidiasis.