RPTOR and renal carcinoma: The interaction of RAPTOR and SHOC2 has been shown to inhibit RAPTOR‐mTOR binding and induce autophagy via inactivating mTORC1, which facilitates, in parallel, RAS‐ERK activation and PDAC progression.12 Autophagy induced by cardamonin is associated with mTORC1 inhibition through decreasing RAPTOR in cervical cancer.13 Moreover, RAPTOR upregulation has been shown to contribute to PI3K‐mTOR inhibitor resistance in renal cancer,14 further indicating the effect of RAPTOR on mTORC1 during tumor progression and outcomes.