Outside the HLA system, genetic studies identified several single nucleotide variants in the coding regions of tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 3 (TNFIP3) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), which have also been associated with the development of autoimmune disease, especially in the Chinese population [35]. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and autoimmune disease.