Although a direct association between T2D and AF remains so far speculative, several mechanisms, such as T2D-associated atrial structural, mechanical and electrical remodeling, diabetic autonomic neuropathy, endothelial dysfunction, proinflammation, activation of renin-angiotensin system, and T2D-associated pathologic angiogenesis, directly linking these entities have been previously reported [10]. This evidence concerns the gene REN and type 2 diabetes mellitus.