TWIST1 and neoplasm: Various endogenous and exogenous mediators of EMT in tumor cells, including p53 mutation, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), TGF-β, transcription factors (including Snail1, Snail2, Zeb1, Zeb2, and Twist), and some microRNAs, especially the miR-200 family, can downregulate the expression of E-cadherin via their corresponding pathways [23].